Fuses
Most fuses are placed together with the relay in a special mounting block, installed under the instrument panel in the passenger footwell. Fuses for some additional systems (ABS, K/V) can be installed in separate holders, fixed in the left part of the engine compartment. On diesel models, fuses for the preheating system and the cooling fan can also be located in the engine compartment of the car.
To gain access to the fuses, unscrew the fastening clip and, unfolding it like a book, release the mounting block from the instrument panel. The list of fuses is given in the last Section of this Chapter. To access the fuses located in the engine compartment, open the hood, release the clips and the cover from the corresponding holder.
To replace a fuse, first disconnect the corresponding circuit/turn off the ignition. Then grasp the body of the knocked-out fuse with special pliers fixed in the cover of the unit and, pulling it vertically upwards, remove it from the holder terminals. A blown fuse is easily identified by a melted or burnt conductive jumper.
Never replace a blown fuse with one rated for a higher rating (by current strength) loads. An extremely bad practice is to restore a failed fuse by short-circuiting its contacts using metal foil.
If the replacement fuse fails immediately after power is supplied to the circuit, then there is a short circuit in the circuit, the cause of which must be identified and eliminated. If the fuse being tested is used to protect several electrical circuits at the same time, try to identify the faulty circuit by switching on each of the circuits under control one by one, thereby eliminating those that are obviously serviceable.
Electrical diagram of the relay
1 - Winding; 2 - Movable contact (anchor); 3 - Contacts
A relay is an electromechanical switch used primarily in power circuits. The electrical circuit diagram of a typical relay design is shown in the illustration.
Most of the relays used in the vehicle are housed in the same mounting block as the fuses. Additional relays (type of diesel engine preheating system relay) located in the engine compartment.
To provide access to the relay, unscrew the fastening clamp and, unfolding it like a book, release the mounting block from the instrument panel.
If there is a suspicion that the failure of any of the electrical circuits is associated with the failure of its control relay, turn on the corresponding system - a serviceable relay should make a clearly audible click when power is supplied to it. If a click is heard, then the cause of the failure is a malfunction of the working component itself, or a failure of the electrical wiring. Otherwise, there is either a power supply failure, or the relay itself is faulty. The condition of the relay is checked by substituting a known good one in its place. It should not be forgotten that the external similarity of two relays does not necessarily guarantee the identity of their operating principle.
To replace a relay, first turn off the corresponding electrical circuit. Then the relay can be easily removed by pulling it out of the receiving socket. Install a new relay in place of the removed one, with the corresponding operating parameters.
Direction indicator/hazard warning flasher
1 - Winding; 2 - Contact; 3 - Contact; 4 - Thread; 5 - Fuse 15 A; 6 - Fuse 8 A; 7 - Battery; 8 - Ignition switch; 9 - Hazard warning switch; 10 - Direction indicator switch; 11 - Direction indicator/hazard warning lights; 12 - Direction indicator lamps
The connection diagram for the direction indicator/hazard warning flasher is shown in the illustration.